Tip projekta: nacionalni projekt
Trajanje projekta: 01. 07. 2026 - 01. 12. 2027
Financer: MORS
Prijavitelj: Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije
Partnerji: Gasilska brigada Ljubljana, Fakulteta za industrijski inženiring Novo mesto
Nosilec projekta na FINI: prof. dr. Simon Muhič
Tema: Obravnava tveganj za nastanek požara litij-ionskih baterij na področju mobilnosti in v objektih »E-MOBILNOST«
Šifra projekta: OC-2025-1-28591
Projekt je usmerjen v celovito raziskavo požarne varnosti litij-ionskih baterij (LIB), ki zaradi vse širše uporabe v električni mobilnosti, baterijskih hranilnikih energije in grajenem okolju predstavljajo vse pomembnejši varnostni izziv. Hitro naraščajoče število sistemov z litij-ionskimi baterijami spremlja povečano tveganje požarov, termalnega pobega, ponovnega vžiga ter sproščanja nevarnih plinov, obstoječa znanja in operativne smernice pa pogosto ne sledijo razvoju tehnologije in novim scenarijem uporabe.
Glavni cilj projekta je razviti znanstveno utemeljen in operativno uporaben okvir za ocenjevanje požarnih tveganj litij-ionskih baterij ter oblikovati priporočila za njihovo varno uporabo, gašenje in ravnanje po požaru. Projekt združuje eksperimentalne raziskave, analizo tveganj, razvoj metodologij in neposredno vključevanje gasilske stroke, s čimer zagotavlja prenos raziskovalnih rezultatov v prakso.
Raziskovalne aktivnosti so razdeljene v pet medsebojno povezanih faz. V začetni fazi bo izvedena analiza statističnih podatkov o požarih litij-ionskih baterij, pregled zakonodaje, standardov in strokovnih smernic ter identifikacija najpomembnejših požarnih scenarijev. Sledil bo razvoj in validacija metodologije za kvantifikacijo požarnih tveganj, priprava eksperimentalnih protokolov ter vzpostavitev laboratorijskih postopkov za izvedbo ponovljivih požarnih preizkusov.
Osrednji del projekta predstavljajo eksperimentalne raziskave požarov posameznih baterijskih celic in baterijskih sklopov, pri katerih bodo spremljani ključni parametri požara, kot so temperatura, hitrost sproščanja toplote (HRR), tlak in emisije nevarnih plinov. Na podlagi rezultatov bodo določeni kritični sprožilci termalnega pobega, razviti modeli za kvantifikacijo požarne nevarnosti ter oblikovan razvrstitveni model požarnih tveganj litij-ionskih baterij.
V nadaljevanju bodo ovrednoteni različni sistemi in taktike gašenja z vidika njihove učinkovitosti, omejitev in tveganj za gasilce. Posebna pozornost bo namenjena vplivu toksičnih plinov, možnosti ponovnega vžiga, nevarnosti električnega udara ter učinkovitosti vodnega hlajenja pri različnih intervencijskih scenarijih. Primerjalna analiza bo omogočila pripravo scenarijsko prilagojenih priporočil za izbiro ustreznih metod gašenja.
Zaključna faza projekta bo namenjena pripravi celovitega varnostnega okvira, tehničnih priporočil in smernic za uporabo litij-ionskih baterij v električni mobilnosti, baterijskih hranilnikih energije in grajenem okolju. Rezultati bodo preneseni v prakso s pripravo strokovnih in znanstvenih objav, organizacijo predstavitev ter razvojem programa usposabljanja za poklicne in prostovoljne gasilce, ki bo temeljil na realnih intervencijskih scenarijih.
Projekt bo prispeval k razvoju sodobnih metod ocenjevanja požarne varnosti litij-ionskih baterij, izboljšanju varnosti gasilcev in uporabnikov ter oblikovanju strokovno utemeljenih priporočil, ki bodo podpirala nadaljnji razvoj zakonodaje, standardov in dobrih praks na področju požarne varnosti baterijskih sistemov.
Description:
The project focuses on comprehensive research into the fire safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which have become an increasingly significant safety challenge due to their widespread use in electric mobility, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and the built environment. The rapid growth in the deployment of lithium-ion battery systems has been accompanied by an increased risk of fires, thermal runaway, re-ignition, and the release of hazardous gases, while existing knowledge and operational guidelines often lag behind technological developments and emerging application scenarios.
The primary objective of the project is to develop a scientifically validated and operationally applicable framework for assessing the fire risks associated with lithium-ion batteries and to establish recommendations for their safe use, firefighting, and post-fire management. The project integrates experimental research, fire risk assessment, methodological development, and the direct involvement of the firefighting community, ensuring an effective transfer of research outcomes into operational practice.
The research activities are organized into five interconnected phases. The initial phase comprises the analysis of statistical data on lithium-ion battery fires, a comprehensive review of national and international legislation, standards, and technical guidelines, and the identification of the most representative and critical fire scenarios. This will be followed by the development and validation of a methodology for fire risk quantification, the preparation of experimental protocols, and the establishment of laboratory procedures for conducting repeatable fire tests.
The core of the project consists of experimental fire investigations involving individual battery cells and battery packs. During these experiments, key fire parameters—including temperature, heat release rate (HRR), pressure, and hazardous gas emissions—will be monitored. Based on the experimental results, the critical triggers of thermal runaway will be identified, quantitative fire risk models will be developed, and a classification framework for assessing the fire hazards of lithium-ion batteries will be established.
Subsequently, different firefighting systems and suppression strategies will be evaluated with respect to their effectiveness, limitations, and associated risks for firefighters. Particular attention will be given to the effects of toxic gas emissions, the potential for re-ignition, the risk of electric shock, and the effectiveness of water cooling under various intervention scenarios. A comparative assessment will provide the basis for scenario-specific recommendations regarding the selection of appropriate firefighting methods.
The final phase of the project will focus on the development of a comprehensive safety framework, technical recommendations, and practical guidelines for the use of lithium-ion batteries in electric mobility, battery energy storage systems, and the built environment. The project outcomes will be disseminated through technical reports, scientific publications, professional presentations, and the development of a dedicated training programme for professional and volunteer firefighters based on realistic emergency response scenarios.
The project will contribute to the advancement of modern methodologies for assessing the fire safety of lithium-ion batteries, improve the safety of both firefighters and end users, and provide scientifically grounded recommendations to support the further development of legislation, technical standards, and best practices in the field of fire safety for battery systems.
